Consideration of bioactivity by chromatographic approach

Bogusław Buszewski, Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry,
Interdisciplinary Centre for Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland, email: bbusz@umk.pl
Gulyaim Sagandykova, Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry,
Interdisciplinary Centre for Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland

Bioactive compounds represent a diverse group of potential drug candidates due to structural diversity, lower cytotoxicity as compared to synthetic analogues, often encountered ability to overcome drug resistance towards drugs. Despite growing interest of researchers to bioactive compounds and large number of publications in the area, bioactivity data should be constantly updated, as providing appropriate bioactivity data is relevant for drug design. Therefore, it is important to develop analytical methods to answer a question: 'what is bioactivity?' [1,2].
Theoretical approach for determination of bioactivity includes structure-activity (SAR), quantitative structure-activity (QSAR), quantitative structure-retention (QSRR) relationships. Mentioned methods are based on principle that compounds with similar structure have similar activity and allow to investigate how the structure of the compounds is related to its activity. QSAR method allows to assess such relationships quantitatively as compared to SAR, while QSRR is related to chromatographic retention. Although QSRR is often applied for unravelling mechanisms of retention of analytes and prediction of retention times, this method have connection with bioactivity as well. Pioneering research work of Prof. Kaliszan [1] showed possibilities of QSRR applications except traditional ones regarding retention. Firstly, important drug parameters such as lipophilicity determined from analytes chromatographic retention behaviour can be used as descriptors for QSAR study. Secondly, important drug characteristics such as blood proteins binding and cell membrane permeability can be simulated by immobilization of human and bovine serum albumins and diacylated phosphatidylcholine on silica and silica-propyl amine (immobilized artificial membrane column) and application as stationary phases for chromatographic column. Thus, retention behaviour of analytes on such columns can extend dataset for determination of biological activity allowing to determine membrane permeability, binding to serum proteins, drug volume distribution [3,4].

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References

[1] R. Kaliszan, QSRR: Quantitative Structure-(Chromatographic) Retention Relationships, Chem. Rev. 107 (2007) 3212–3246. doi:10.1021/cr068412z.
[2] G.N. Sagandykova, P.P. Pomastowski, R. Kaliszan, B. Buszewski, Modern analytical methods for consideration of natural biological activity, TrAC - Trends Anal. Chem. (2018). doi:10.1016/j.trac.2018.10.012.
[3] K. Valko, Biomimetic Chromatography to Accelerate Drug Discovery: Part 1, LC GC. 31 (2018) 62–72.
[4] P. Žuvela, M. Skoczylas, J. Jay Liu, T. Ba̧czek, R. Kaliszan, M.W. Wong, B. Buszewski, Column Characterization and Selection Systems in Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography, Chem. Rev. (2019). doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00246.

Acknowledgements

This work was financed in the framework of the grant entitled: "Cultivated plants and natural products as a source of biologically active substances destined for the production of cosmetic and pharmaceutical products as well as diet supplements" (No. BIOSTRATEG2/298205/9/NCBR/2016) attributed by the National Center for Research and Development (Warsaw, Poland).